The liver is a vital organ that performs many functions, including filtering the blood coming from the digestive tract before it passes to the rest of the body, producing bile to help digest fats, storing glucose as glycogen for energy, and metabolizing medications and toxins.
Hepatocellular carcinoma, which originates from hepatocytes, is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma arises from the cells that line the bile ducts within the liver, while hepatoblastoma is a rare type of liver cancer that usually occurs in children.
Metastatic liver cancer occurs when cancer cells from another part of the body (such as the colon, breast, or lung) spread to the liver through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. These cancer cells can grow and form tumors in the liver, but the cancer is still considered to be from the original site of origin, not liver cancer. Metastatic liver cancer is more common than primary liver cancer.
Symptoms:
In the early stages of primary liver cancer, there may be no symptoms, which can make it difficult to detect the cancer at an early stage. However, as the cancer progresses, some of the common signs and symptoms that may occur include:
- Unintentional weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fatigue and weakness
- Pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen on the right side
- Swelling or fluid buildup in the abdomen
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Dark-colored urine
- Pale or clay-colored stools
It’s important to note that these symptoms are not specific to liver cancer and can also be caused by other conditions. If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to see your doctor for an evaluation.
Risk Factors:
Liver cancer generally starts with a DNA mutation in the liver cells. The mutation causes the liver cells to grow and divide uncontrollably, forming a mass or tumor that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Some known risk factors for liver cancer include chronic infections with hepatitis B or C viruses, alcohol abuse, obesity, and exposure to certain toxins or chemicals. In some cases, liver cancer may also occur in people with no known risk factors or underlying medical conditions.
Early detection and treatment of liver cancer are important for improving outcomes and increasing the chances of survival. Regular check-ups and screening tests may be recommended for people at higher risk for liver cancer, such as those with chronic hepatitis or a history of liver disease. If you have any concerns about your risk for liver cancer or are experiencing symptoms, it’s important to talk to your doctor.
